AIS has been developed to help prevent collisions between commercial shipping vessels and it has, since then, been a legal requirement on ships. In US waters, it is required for all commercial maritime vessels.
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Automatic Identification System or AIS is an identity scheme that transmits the vessel’s Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number which is the number uniquely assigned to a vessel. It is a nine-digit number that are digitally sent over a radio frequency channel to identify the vessels ship station, earth station, coast station, coast earth station, and group calls. These identities are structured in such a way that the whole identity or even a part of it can be used by telephone and telex subscribers connected to the general telecommunications network to call the ship automatically.
Vessels with the proper equipment can receive or send the AIS signal over a special VHF radio frequency. The signal can then be plotted on a standalone AIS unit or the existing navigation/radar displays. The display shows the AIS target as a long triangular symbol representing the vessel, large ships or even smaller fishing vessels. The triangle points in the direction that the target vessel is moving towards. This allows skippers to monitor the ocean traffic always and knowing what is around them at all times.
